Identifying a research problem (Creswell)

Problem

Among the most important roles of teaching faculty in higher education is the task of certifying that each individual learner in their course has achieved a particular standard in relation to the intended outcomes of the course. The importance of this determination is a reflection of how student achievement data are used in not only summative course assessments, but also predicting future success, awarding scholarships, and determining acceptance into competitive programs

There are myriad different ways to determine what usually is expressed as a letter grade on a scale from A+ to F.